Ẓeṛ aɣbalu n Aljibṛ imzireg


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Tugna:Convex combination 1 ord with geogebra.gif|'''yiwet talɣa n aljibṛ imzireg''' 
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== '''<big>Awal Amatu</big>''' ==
<big><nowiki>'''</nowiki>Aljibṛ imzireg<nowiki>'''</nowiki> d uḥric deg tusnakt i d-yeɛnan tallunt tamawayt akked alsileɣ imzireg, agtalɣa tamatut n tiẓriwin n inagrawen n tigda timzirigin.</big>

== '''<big>Amezruy</big>''' ==
<big>Aljibṛ imzireg tebda-d sɣur amusnak afarsi '''AL Xawarizmi,''' i d-yewwi tikti sɣur iḍrisen n '''ihendiyen''' d yesmed imahilen n uɣerbaz '''agrigi''' aqbur.</big>

<big>Aṭas n imusnaken i nudan ɣef taɣult agi syin am René Descartes s wuguren n tanzeggit-ines, Jean d'Alembert s tiffin-ines "amguccel".</big>

<big>Aljibṛ imzireg ur yuɣal d afurk iman-is deg tusnakt alamma d tasut tis 19. Deg tallit-a, aṭas n yimusnawen fkan-d timerniyin meqqren:</big>

* <big>'''Carl Friedrich Gauss''' (1777-1855): Yufa-d tarrayt tamatut i ufran n yinagrawen n tigda imziragen. Gauss d amusnak almani yettwassnen s waṭas s tigmiyin-is deg tusnakt.</big>
* <big>'''Camille Jordan''' (1838-1922): Yefra-d ugur n ufnaẓ igensenlɣan. Jordan d amusnak afransis yettwassnen s uxeddim-is deg aljibṛ d tanzeggit.</big>
* <big>'''William Rowan Hamilton''' (1805-1865): Deg useggas 1843, yufa-d Takuẓt (quaternion). Hamilton d amusnak irlandi, d netta i d-yesnulfan awal "vector" (s taqbaylit "amaway").</big>
* <big>'''Hermann Grassmann''' (1809-1877): Deg useggas 1844, yessufeɣ-d aɣan-is "Die lineale Ausdehnungslehre" (tiẓri n usiɣzef imzireg). Adlis-a d tikli tamezwarut i uselɣu amatu n tezmilt n tallunt tamawayt. Ɣas akken ur yettwassen ara aṭas deg tallit-is, aɣas-a yegber tuget n tektiwin titrarin n aljibṛ imzireg. Grassmann d amusnak almani.</big>

* <big>'''Giuseppe Peano''' (1858-1932): Deg useggas 1888, yefka-d igejdiwen (axiomes) ar tiẓriwin  s udem ummid. Peano d amusnak aṭelyani.</big>

== <big>Tanfa (intérêt)</big> ==
<big>s talɣa-ines taḥerfit, isnasen imzirgen deg tallunin timawiyin (espaces vectoriels) ggensen asikel deg tallunin tinzegganin tiferdisin am taɣda, agni neɣ tallunt-nneɣ  taɣarant. tamṣukt tamirant n waljibṛ ad aɣ-teǧǧ ad nesmati tazmilt n tallunt ar tidda menwala.</big>

<big>Aljibṛ imzireg ag-teǧǧ ad nefru yal tagrumma n tugdiwin qqarasent timzirigin.</big>

<big>Tallunin timawiyin d nutni daɣen allal agejdan des tussniwin n ujenyuṛ akked yimahilen nniḍen.</big>

<big>deg taggara, Aljibṛ imzireg d allal deg tusnakt am tiẓriwin n "agraw","azebg", "tafekka", "tasleṭ  tamesɣant",  "tanzeggit taneẓlayt" neɣ deg tiẓri n "imḍanen"</big>

== <big>Asenked aferdisan</big> ==
<big>Aljibṛ imzireg yebdu s tezrawt n imalayen deg tallunin tikaṛtiziyen n tisekta 2 ar 3. amaway, dagi, d tserkemt n  tegdazelt n sin igazen i yesdukklen iɣilen d taɣda i d-yettwaseknen s tiɣzi-nsen, tanila-nsen, anamud-nsen : sin igazen ggensen yiwen umalay ma  d akuẓdis i -d-yettwalɣen seg igazen si kuẓ yis-sen d amsedɣidis</big>

== <big>Kra n yisekkuden</big> ==

<big><br /></big>

* <big>asekkud n "azadur imettu" (base incomplète) : ad tili E d tallunt tamawayt, G d almessi  asaraw ma d L d almessi ilelli n ilawayen n E, ihi ma drus yella azadur n E yettwalɣa s uzdukkel n L akked amur n G.</big>
* <big>s umaẓlay, yal tallunt tamawayt tesɛa ma drus yiwen uzadur.</big>
* <big>yal izaduren n yiwet n tallunt tamawayt sɛant yiwet tasmekta (cardinal)</big>
* <big>yal tallunt tamawayt A tesɛa tallunt tasint (duale) A* ; ma A n tesmekta ifuken, A* netta daɣen yesɛa tasmekta-nni.</big>
* <big>Tanfalit n Grassmann: ad ilint F d G sin n tidullanin (sous-espaces) imawayen n yiwet tallunt tamawayt. Nesɛa ihi : <math>\dim(F)+\dim(G)=\dim(F+G)+\dim(F\cap G).</math></big>

== <big>Asemres</big> ==
<big>aljibṛ imzireg yettwasemres deg aṭas n wannaren</big> 

* <big>'''Tasnawalt''': Deg uselɣu d usesfer n yisefka.</big>
* <big>'''Tasengama''': Deg usegzi n yisekla d tkerḍiwin.</big>
* <big>'''Tussna n usihel''': Deg uheggi n yinagrawen imziragen meqqren.</big>
* <big>'''Tasertit''': Deg uslaḍ n tefranin d wansa n yimdanen.</big>

* <big>'''Tasnakant''': Deg uheggi n yinagrawen n tegnit.</big>

== <big>Amawal</big> ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!<big>taqbaylit</big>
!<big>tafransist</big>
!<big>taɛrabt</big>
|-
|<big>aljibṛ imzireg</big>
|<big>Algèbre linéaire</big>
|<big>الجبر الخطي</big>
|-
|<big>Tallunt tamawayt</big>
|<big>Espace vectoriel</big>
|<big>فضاء شعاعي</big>
|-
|<big>Alsileɣ imzireg</big>
|<big>Transformation linéaire</big>
|<big>تحويل خطي</big>
|-
|<big>Agtalɣa</big>
|<big>Formalisation</big>
|<big>تشكيل</big>
|-
|<big>Anagraw</big>
|<big>Système</big>
|<big>نظام</big>
|-
|<big>Tigda timzirigin</big>
|<big>Équations linéaires</big>
|<big>معادلات خطية</big>
|-
|<big>Afnaẓ igensenlɣan</big>
|<big>Réduction d'endomorphisme</big>
|<big>اختزال التشكل الذاتي</big>
|-
|<big>Takuẓt</big>
|<big>Quaternion</big>
|<big>رباعي</big>
|-
|<big>Amaway</big>
|<big>Vecteur</big>
|<big>متجه</big>
|-
|<big>Aɣan</big>
|<big>Traité</big>
|<big>معاهدة</big>
|-
|<big>Igejdiwen</big>
|<big>Axiomes</big>
|<big>بديهيات</big>
|-
|<big>Asnasen imzirgen</big>
|<big>Applications linéaires</big>
|<big>تطبيقات خطية</big>
|-
|<big>Tallunt tanzeggit</big>
|<big>Espace géometrique</big>
|<big>فضاء هندسي</big>
|-
|<big>Taɣda</big>
|<big>droite</big>
|<big>مستقيم</big>
|-
|<big>Agni</big>
|<big>Plan</big>
|<big>مستوى</big>
|-
|<big>Tallunt taɣarant</big>
|<big>Espace physique</big>
|<big>فضاء فيزيائي</big>
|-
|<big>Tamṣukt</big>
|<big>Structure</big>
|<big>بنية</big>
|-
|<big>Tazmilt</big>
|<big>Notion</big>
|<big>مفهوم</big>
|-
|<big>Tagrumma</big>
|<big>Ensemble</big>
|<big>مجموعة</big>
|-
|<big>Agraw</big>
|<big>Groupe</big>
|<big>زمرة</big>
|-
|<big>Azebg</big>
|<big>Anneau</big>
|<big>حلقة</big>
|-
|<big>Tafekka</big>
|<big>Corps</big>
|<big>جسم</big>
|-
|<big>Tanzeggit taneẓlayt</big>
|<big>Géométrie différentielle</big>
|<big>هندسة تفاضلية</big>
|-
|<big>Tallunt takaṛtizit</big>
|<big>Espace cartésien</big>
|<big>فضاء ديكارتي</big>
|-
|<big>Igazen</big>
|<big>points</big>
|<big>نقاط</big>
|-
|<big>Almessi asaraw</big>
|<big>famille génératrice</big>
|
|-
|<big>Almessi ilelli</big>
|<big>famille libre</big>
|
|-
|<big>Azadur</big>
|<big>base</big>
|<big>أساس</big>
|-
|<big>Tallunt tasint</big>
|<big>Espace dual</big>
|<big>فضاء ثنائي</big>
|-
|<big>Tasmekta</big>
|<big>Cardinal</big>
|<big>عدد ترتيبي</big>
|-
|<big>Tidullanin</big>
|<big>Sous-espaces</big>
|<big>فضاءات جزئية</big>
|-
|<big>Tanfalit</big>
|<big>Formule</big>
|<big>صيغة</big>
|-
|<big>Amsedɣidis</big>
|<big>Parallélogramme</big>
|<big>متوازي أضلاع</big>
|}
[[Taggayt:Aljiber imzireg]]
[[Taggayt:Tusnakt]]
[[Taggayt:Tussna]]